东汉·班固《汉书·孝武李夫人传》:“北方有佳人,绝世而独立,一顾倾人城,再顾倾人国 ”后人延伸出成语“倾国倾城” 汉武帝刘彻在位时,后宫佳丽虽然众多,但王夫人早死,卫子夫也已年老,剩下的就没有一个得到武帝专宠的 武帝想再访求绝色佳人,可是一直不能如愿 宫廷乐师李延年精通音律,深得武帝欢心,他所作的曲子凡听到者都会莫名感动 李延年有一个妹妹,是个歌女,生得云鬓花颜,婀娜多姿,楚楚动人,尤其擅长歌舞 李延年想把她献给武帝为妃,但因为家世微贱,不便自言,便请平阳公主代为引荐 一天,武帝在宫中饮酒,平阳公主也在座,李延年侍宴 待到酒酣,李延年起舞,唱了一首自己写的新歌:“北方有佳人,绝世而独立 一顾倾人城,再顾倾人国 宁不知倾城与倾国,佳人难再得 ”汉武帝听到李延年的歌,触动了潜藏已久的心事,不禁叹息说:“世间哪有你所唱的那种佳人 ”平阳公主在一边揣摩得知李延年歌中的寓意,于是趁势说:“陛下有所不知,延年的小妹就是一位倾国倾城的绝世佳人 ”武帝心中一动,立刻下令召李氏入宫 李延年将其妹引入,武帝一看,果然是姿容秀媚,体态轻盈 武帝遂纳李氏为妃,号为李夫人 一年以后,李夫人生下一子,被封为昌邑王 谁知月有阴晴圆缺,李夫人入宫只短短几年,却不幸染病在身,病入膏育,卧床不起 武帝难过不已,亲自去看她 李夫人一见武帝到来,急忙以被覆面,口中说:“妾长久卧病,容貌已毁,不可复见陛下,愿以昌邑王及兄弟相托 '武帝说:“夫人病势已危,非药可以医治,何不让朕再见一面 ”李夫人推辞说:“妇人貌不修饰,不见君父,妾实不敢与陛下相见 ”武帝说:“夫人不妨见我,我将加赐千金,并封拜你兄弟为官 ”李夫人说:“封不封在帝,不在一见 ”武帝又说一定要看她,并用手揭被子 李夫人转面向内,唏嘘而泣,任凭武帝再三呼唤,李夫人只是独自啜泣 武帝心里不悦,-怒之下拂袖而去 这时,李夫人的姐妹们也入宫问病,见此情形,都很诧异 待武帝走后,她们责备李夫人:“你想托付兄弟,见一见陛下是很轻易的事,何苦违忤至于如此 ”李夫人叹气说:“你们不知,我不见帝的原因正是为了深托兄弟 我本出身微贱,他之所以眷恋我,只因平时容貌而已 大凡以色事人,色衰而爱弛,爱弛则恩绝 今天我病已将死,他若见我颜色与以前大不相同,必然心生嫌恶,唯恐弃置不及,怎么会在我死去后照顾我的兄弟 ”几天后,李夫人去世,事情的结局果然不出李夫人所料 李夫人拒见武帝,非但没有激怒他,反而激起他无限的痛苦,将李夫人用皇后礼安葬,命画师将她生前的形象画下来挂在甘泉宫,以慰思念之情 武帝思念李夫人,方士李少翁告诉武帝,他能召神唤魂,把夫人请回来与皇上相会 武帝听后十分高兴,于是请李少翁入宫施法术 李少翁作法,汉武帝坐在纱帐重帷中 李少翁要了李夫人生前的衣服,准备净室,中间挂着薄纱幕,幕里点着蜡烛 果然,通过灯光的照映,遥见纱帐中,隐约有一美人,只见她侧着身子慢慢地走过来,模样神态与魂牵梦萦的李夫人一样 武帝连忙趋前审视,可惜芳踪已沓,顷刻间消失在纱幕中 实际上,李少翁是表演了一出皮影戏,武帝看到李夫人的影子,更加相思悲戚起来 于是,武帝为李夫人写了一首《伤悼李夫人赋》:是耶 非耶 立而望之,奈何姗姗其来迟 武帝想到李夫人临终前的嘱托,于是封李延年为协律都尉,封李夫人的弟弟李广利为海西侯 为李夫人的一句遗言,武帝也称得上是一往情深 汉武帝后元二年(公元前87年),武帝驾崩,其8岁的儿子弗陵即位,这就是后来的昭帝 昭帝即位后,大将军霍光按武帝的旨意,上奏昭帝,追尊李夫人为孝武皇后 古红颜多薄命,美丽的容颜不是永恒的,一不小心还会引火烧身,以“祸水”的泥潭 纵观世态的进展,名利、美貌,无奈繁华之下藏着寂寞,热闹之下掩着凄凉 “智慧的丈夫为城,智慧的妇人坏城”,世俗之人,因贪淫欲杀身亡国者,不可胜计 众所周知者,有:夏桀王宠妹喜,商朝的纣王宠妲己,周朝的幽王宠褒姒,结果都丧身亡国 所以,流星的光芒虽灿烂,但在一瞬间就会消失,只有平常的星星才是永恒的,光芒越黯淡的星,往往也越安定 成文用法多形容妇女容貌极美 在句中作谓语、定语;含褒义 运用示例南北朝梁陈·徐陵《玉台新咏》:“虽非图画,入甘泉而不分;言异神仙,戏阳台而无别,真可谓倾国倾城,无对无双者也 ”唐·武元衡《赠佳人》:“步摇金翠玉搔头,倾国倾城胜莫愁 ”元·王实甫《西厢记》:“近知先相国崔珏之女莺莺,眉黛青顰,莲脸生春,有倾国倾城之容 ”明·徐霖《绣襦记·厌习风尘》:“怕无情风雨褪红妆,低垂粉颈,倾国倾城貌一朝摧丧,廊空响臊,马嵬途葬 ”茅盾《清明前后》:“相貌其实平常,然而顾影弄姿,自以为倾城倾国 ”
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